The eminent biologist Lynn Margulis has died at 73. Dr. Margulis is best known for promoting the theory, now generally accepted, that organelles such as the cell nucleus mitochondrion (I knew that!) and the chloroplast are the result of symbiosis between different species. You may read the Times obituary here.
Lynn Margulis dies
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This page contains a single entry by Matt Young published on November 25, 2011 11:12 AM.
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Lynn Margulis was known for both important, brilliant ideas that were subsequently confirmed by multiple independent investigators, and for later holding on to rather blatantly wrong ideas.
This isn’t an uncommon combination. She should be remembered for her brilliant contributions. Everybody can be wrong once in a while.
Most famous, ground-breaking scientists continued to work within the format of defending ideas with evidence and responding to feedback, but there have been enough cases of ground-breaking scientists later taking irrational positions to make me wonder why.
One possibility is that a personality that is well-equipped to forcefully defend new ideas can be a two-edged sword; it can be a boon when defending ideas that are valid, but a curse if excess emotional loyalty to ideas that aren’t supported develops. However, this doesn’t explain why the later ideas are often of poorer quality, for example, less original and at odds with the evidence that already exists, than the earlier ideas.
Another thought is that exposure to high levels of praise can reduce tolerance for criticism, at least in some psychological settings. I certainly think that this is a frequent problem for people some people who are academically very successful at the levels through high school, and it probably contributes to some individual cases of denialism. Ironically, for some people, having their academic achievements praised may predispose to an emotional pathology that inhibits high level original academic performance in the future.
Finally, it’s worth noting that, although in general mental illness has tragic impact and derails promising careers, and although mental illness impacts people at all educational levels, there is some controversial evidence linking familial risk for some types of mental illness to high levels of academic or artistic creativity. Such linkage is mainly weak or anecdotal, but of course, “famous” scientist status is very rare, usually not recognized until mid-career, and there is no strong rationale for researching this other than curiosity, so the weakness of the evidence might be expected, even if a valid trend is present.
At any rate, Lynn Margulis made incredibly important contributions on many levels.
I think the reason she supported those ideas had more to do with the fact that she saw the scientific skepticism of those ideas, and equated them with the initial skepticism of her contributions, rather than considering where the skepticism came from.
I have no disagreement with that, in this particular case.
Lynn Margulis had to deal with unusually (although not uniquely) strong resistance to her good ideas, as well as being a woman in science.
On a more general level, the “brilliant breakthrough first and then later stubborn commitment to obviously bad ideas” pattern has occurred with people who didn’t face the same early career challenges that she did. So there may be more to it than just that.
Gil Dodgen has posted a reply to Dawkin’s response to Marguilis’ death at UD. (Incidently, UD has now confined comment of their ‘tales’ to the initiated. The site has gone from proud defender of ID in 2003, to whiny, ‘don’t be nasty to my irrelent thought’ in 2005,to Dodgen and Denyse drivel)The response makes perfect sense if you are a rational individual. Unfortunatey, Dodgen, being the self absorbed twat that he is, can’t see the irony of his clear description of his particularly pointless existance, and the wonder of ‘being’, at all. Why is it that religious people of any sort are so damned confident that the universe revolves around them; surely this is the ultimate vanity, and therefore a sin?
This comment has been moved to The Bathroom Wall.
Is it really accepted now that the nucleus is the consequence of endosymbiosis? I would think that work by Rout et al. in the past years has at the least given a quite credible alternative.
I wrote about Margulis here:
http://dalehusband.wordpress.com/20[…]do-research/
It is telling that by her own admission, she never tested her assumptions about AIDS, but merely took them at face value from others she happened to trust, which NO scientist should ever do, even while she was claiming to be a skeptic about the issue. Ironic!
Scientists can be just as corrupt, dogmatic, and hypocritical as anyone else, as individuals. That’s why as a community, they need to keep such problems in check. Margulis failed to consider that, putting the esteem of certain individuals over the value of the workings of the community.
No, it is not now and never has been strongly accepted that the nucleus is a product of endosymbiosis. Here is a Wikipedia summary article section with selective but high quality references. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_n[…]us#Evolution
However, the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts is very, very strongly supported by multiple lines of evidence.
HIV denial is deeply offensive to many people, including me, because of the brutal damage it has done.
Real science allows us to discover and study HIV.
Margulis held some other misguided views. She also believed that the World Trade Center attack was actually due to bombs planted inside the building. Most people who believe that blame George W. Bush and/or Dick Cheney. I find that view ludicrous but not offensive. As far as I’m concerned, OBL, George W. Bush, and Dick Cheney are all so guilty of so many offenses against human decency that if you blame one for something the other did, no reputation is particularly changed.
However, Margulis did, and this is undeniable, make a major, insightful contribution to real science. That should not be downplayed or overlooked.
That’s what I thought. It seems the OP is just a bit off (probably should be edited). What I was referring to was the hypothesis that the NPC and coated vesicles share common ancestry and by extension the nucleus likely evolved from deep invaginations of the plasma membrane.
You are right. I did not notice that the OP said “nucleus”. “Mitochondria” would make more sense. Mitochondria and chloroplast are the organelles for which endosymbiotic origin is most strongly supported.
Actually, the tendency in popular science books is to report only the positive depictions of scientists and their work. For example, Sir Richard Owen is credited with coining the term “dinosaur”, but his opposition to Darwin and attempts to ruin the reputation of rivals like Gideon Mantell (discoverer of Iguanadon) don’t get nearly as much press.
And to put it bluntly, Margulis understood bacteria and cells of higher organisms, she did NOT understand viruses, which are not the same at all!
A really fair-minded person does not jump to such absurd conclusions. I would have said:
That’s what a REAL skeptic does! A skeptic is not and must never be a denialist!
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